铸态Mg-8Y-6Gd-1Nd-0.17Zn稀土镁合金高温压缩本构行为及加工图

研究了铸态Mg-8Y-6Gd-1Nd-0.17Zn镁合金在应变量为50%、温度350℃~450℃、应变速率0.0001s-1~0.1s-1的范围内热压缩过程中的本构行为、组织演变和热加工性能。通过选用双曲正弦本构方程来描述合金的流变行为以及变形参数间的关系。实验结果表明，温度和应变速率对Mg-8Y-6Gd-1Nd-0.17Zn镁合金的流变应力行为有重要影响，其流变应力随温度的降低和应变速率的增加而增大，并且在温度高于400℃压缩时，合金的真应力应变曲线具有典型的动态再结晶特性。在本实验条件下，该合金变形期间的活化能（Q）和应力指数（n）分别为359.258 KJ / mol 和5.24，实验值与计算值之间的平均误差（ARE）为3.37％。最后基于动态材料模型加工理论，结合热加工图和压缩过程中的组织演变，确定了该合金的最佳热加工参数为：加热温度400~450℃，应变速率为0.0001s-1~0.001s-1。     

One‐Step Construction of N,P‐Codoped Porous Carbon Sheets/CoP Hybrids with Enhanced Lithium and Potassium Storage

Despite the desirable advancement in synthesizing transition‐metal phosphides (TMPs)‐based hybrid structures, most methods depend on foreign‐template‐based multistep procedures for tailoring the specific structure. Herein, a self‐template and recrystallization–self‐assembly strategy for the one‐step synthesis of core–shell‐like cobalt phosphide (CoP) nanoparticles embedded into nitrogen and phosphorus codoped porous carbon sheets (CoP?NPPCS), is first proposed. Relying on the unusual coordination ability of melamine with metal ions and the cooperative hydrogen bonding of melamine and phytic acid to form a 2D network, a self‐synthesized single precursor can be attained. Importantly, this approach can be easily expanded to synthesize other TMPs?NPPCS. Due to the unique compositional and structural characteristics, these CoP?NPPCSs manifest outstanding electrochemical performances as anode materials for both lithium‐ and potassium‐ion batteries. The unusual hybrid architecture, the high specific surface area, and porous features make the CoP?NPPCS attractive for other potential applications, such as supercapacitors and electrocatalysis.     

Nonmechanical criteria proposed for prediction of hot tearing sensitivity in 2024 aluminum alloy

Two theoretical criteria represented by Katgerman, and Clyne and Davies for prognosticating hot tearing sensitivity were compared. Both unrefined and grain-refined samples of Al2024 alloy were solidified at various cooling rates ranging from 0.4 to 17.5 °C/s. Thermal analysis was used to detect dendrite coherency point and temperature of eutectic reaction. Curves of solid and liquid fractions were plotted based on Newtonian method to determine hot tearing susceptible areas. The experimental results show that the most susceptible zone in which hot tearing can occur in Al2024 is where Al₂CuMg intermetallic compound forms as a eutectic phase at last stage of mushy-state interval. Also, both criteria are in a good agreement with each other at high cooling rates used in direct-chill casting process while Clyne and Davies' model is more acceptable to determine hot tearing tendency from low to medium cooling rates.     

Research on the hot surface ignition of hydrogen‐air mixture under different influencing factors

To further reveal the pre‐ignition characteristics of hydrogen internal combustion engine, the effect of hot surface characteristic parameters on the ignition characteristics of hydrogen‐air mixture was investigated in this research. Based on the prototype of the constant volume combustion bomb with an overhead glow plug, the duration from the heating of the hot surface to the combustion of hydrogen‐air mixture, the so‐called heating duration, was firstly researched under different fuel‐air equivalence ratio, initial temperature, initial pressure, hot surface temperature, and hot surface area, and the influence of each factor on the heating duration was analyzed. The results show that the order of the effect of each factor on the hot surface ignition is as follows: hot surface temperature > initial pressure of hydrogen‐air mixture > equivalent ratio > initial temperature of hydrogen‐air mixture > hot surface area. The influence of the hot surface characteristic parameters on the heating duration was further analyzed in detail. On this basis, the relationship among the critical ignition temperature, the heating duration and the hot surface area was researched and established. The results show that the heating duration is the only major factor affecting the critical ignition temperature. Finally, the research results were applied to analysis the pre‐ignition in hydrogen internal combustion engine.     

预分散酚醛树脂硫化CIIR性能的研究

分别研究了预分散酚醛树脂HY-2045(预)、HY-2055(预)和SP-1055(预)对CIIR胶料硫化特性、力学性能及100℃×72h热空气老化性能的影响,并与原树脂HY-2045(原)、HY-2055(原)和SP-1055(原)的影响效果进行了对比。结果表明,与原酚醛树脂相比,预分散酚醛树脂在CIIR橡胶中的分散性、硫化胶拉伸强度和拉断伸长率均获得提高。加入SP-1055(预)可明显缩短CIIR胶料的t90;加入HY-2045(预)可使胶料的t10和t90延长,交联密度、硬度、100%定伸应力和拉伸强度均最小,拉断伸长率最大;加入HY-2055(预)可使胶料的t90延长,其他性能与加入SP-1055(预)的胶料相差不大。加入HY-2055(预)的硫化胶100℃×72h热空气老化后性能变化最小。     

热风干燥温度对丹东板栗感官品质的影响

目的 研究了不同干燥温度对带壳丹东板栗干燥速率、含水率变化、板栗成品的组织状态、色泽以及口感的影响。方法 样品板栗分别进行在40、45、50 ℃以及变温条件下的热风干燥实验。温度数据采集利用T型热电偶，通过计算机控制安捷伦数据采集仪来记录。干燥后的板栗去壳、去红衣，记录板栗仁的颜色变化、内部形态变化以及口感变化。结果 丹东板栗40℃干燥条件下的干燥成品质量好，口感佳，但效率低，45℃条件下的干燥速率较高，但是成品内部发生了皱缩，50℃条件下的干燥速率最高，但不仅成品内部发生了皱缩，表皮颜色也呈褐色，而变温干燥的干燥质量良好且干燥速率高。结论 变温干燥可以解决板栗在干燥过程中不同阶段对温度的敏感程度不一样带来的影响，因此相当对传统的单一温度干燥，变温干燥更有研究前景。     

HIP法制备CuCr触头的真空电击穿特性

采用热等静压(HIP)固相烧结法制备了近乎完全致密、低氧、氮含量的CuCr合金材料,研究了在不同烧结温度下制备CuCr合金的Cr相颗粒度、电击穿场强及击穿区域,给出了CuCr合金Cr相粒子半径与击穿场强的关系式。结果表明:随着HIP烧结温度的上升,CuCr触头材料的Cr相颗粒度也将逐渐增大,导致真空电击穿场强减小,与此同时真空电击穿烧蚀面积增大,烧蚀坑深度逐步加深。     

Ca对Mg-Gd-Y-Zn-Zr合金热变形行为及热加工性能的影响

利用Gleeble3500热模拟试验机研究了Ca对Mg-Gd-Y-Zn-Zr合金在变形温度573～723 K,应变速率0.001～1 s-1的热变形行为及热加工性能的影响。结果表明:Ca增大了合金的流变应力及变形激活能,扩宽了加工安全区及最佳加工区范围,但降低了最大功率耗散因子及动态再结晶程度。结合激光共聚焦显微镜分析了合金热压缩后组织,验证了热加工图的准确性,并制定了合理的热加工工艺,Mg-Gd-Y-Zn-Zr合金的最佳加工区域为:应变速率0.001～0.01 s~(-1),温度623～723 K。根据最佳加工工艺参数获得了表面质量良好,无变形缺陷的等温锻造合金。